Effects of electric current

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The idea

You cannot see current. But you can see what it does: it makes lamps shine, toasters hot and bells ring. These things are called effects of current.

What to remember

Effects of electric current, with examples
EffectWhat happensExample
Heating effectThe wire gets warm or hotToaster, hairdryer, hob, incandescent bulb
Light effectThe current makes something glowLED lamp, fluorescent tube
Magnetic effectThe current creates a magnetic fieldBell, electromagnet on a crane

You can use each of these effects. Sometimes an effect occurs that you do not want: a thin cable with too much current flowing through it gets hot. That can start a fire.

Example

The electric bell

When you press the bell button, current flows through a coil. It becomes an electromagnet, pulls a small hammer towards it and strikes the bell. That is the magnetic effect of current.

Practice

Exercise

Match each device with the effect of current it mainly uses.

Choose the match for each entry.

Solution

Right answer: Toaster – Heating effect; LED torch – Light effect; Bell – Magnetic effect

The toaster heats wires, the LED torch makes a light-emitting diode shine, and the bell uses an electromagnet.

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Exercise

If too much current flows through a thin cable, it can get hot.
Solution

Right answer: The statement is true.

That is the heating effect of current. Too much current makes a thin cable hot and can cause a fire.

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Exercise

Which effect of current does an incandescent bulb use to shine?
Solution
  • The thin wire in the bulb gets so hot that it glows. right answer

    The wire heats up because of the current and gives off light. The heating effect creates the light here.

  • A magnet attracts a part inside the bulb.

    The magnetic effect is used by a bell, for example, not by an incandescent bulb.

  • The glass of the bulb is charged by the current.

    The glass is an insulator and does not shine by itself.

In an incandescent bulb a thin wire is heated by the current until it glows and gives off light.

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